home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Gold Medal Software 3
/
Gold Medal Software - Volume 3 (Gold Medal) (1994).iso
/
tutor
/
vietutor.arj
/
VNCI8711.IND
< prev
next >
Wrap
File List
|
1987-11-01
|
1KB
|
28 lines
VNcode for Vietnamese diacritical marks:
1:/ 2:\ 3:² 4:~ 5:. 6:^ â, ê, ô 7:' o', u' a8:° å D9:-D
INDEPENDENT VIET NAM
-------------------------- NOV 1987 by Le6 Tro5ng Hie61u, VN Consulting Inc.,
62-65 Saunders St., Suite 1B, Rego Park, NY 11374.
Beginning in the first century BC, China imposed rule that endured for over a
thousand years despite repeated Vietnamese uprisings. In 939, Ngo6 Quye62n
won his battle on the Ba5ch D9a82ng River and independence for Vie65t Nam.
Although the Chinese were unsuccessful in assimilating the Vietnamese
totally, they did exert many features of Chinese culture. The Vietnamese
upper classes embraced Confucian social and political values. They adopted a
Mandarin administrative system based on mastery of Chinese literary and
philosophic works. To become a Mandarin, candidates had to devote years of
study and training required to pass a series of rigorous examinations. The
vast majority of Vietnamese, the peasantry remained unaffected by this
process of Sinicization. They retained their language, customs and religious
beliefs rooted in ancestor worship and animism. They retained their
indigenous culture nurtured during their long pre-Chinese ethnic past as
inhabitants of the Red River Delta.
In the almost uninterrupted 900 years of independence that followed, the
Vietnamese were able to fend off further invasion attempts, accepting a
tributary relationship with the Chinese instead.